The Achilles tendon is the tendon extension of three calf muscles: the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris. It runs behind the ankle and is the strongest and thickest tendon in the human body.
It occurs most often in runners who increase the intensity or duration of their runs. It is also common among middle-aged people who play sports like tennis or basketball.
Most cases can be treated with relatively simple home care under the supervision of a doctor. Self-care strategies are generally necessary to prevent recurrent episodes. More severe cases of Achilles tendonitis can lead to tendon tears (ruptures), which may require surgical repair.
Symptoms
- Severe pain or discomfort in the area of the injury.
- Swelling or not in the muscle belly.
- Edema directly proportional to the severity of the injury.
- Redness in the area.
- Heat upon palpation.
- Decreased muscle function.
Treatment
Tendonitis generally responds positively to self-care measures. However, if the signs and symptoms are severe or persistent, the doctor may suggest other treatment options.
- Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, or others) or naproxen are usually sufficient to reduce inflammation and alleviate pain.
- Physical therapy: Stretching and strengthening exercises help promote recovery and strengthen the Achilles tendon and its supporting structures.
- Orthopedic devices: Shoe inserts that slightly elevate the heel can relieve tension on the tendon and act as a cushion to reduce the amount of force exerted on the Achilles tendon.
- Surgery: If several months of conservative treatments do not work, or if the tendon has torn, the doctor may suggest surgery to repair it.
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